A retrospective cohort study conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute between 2013 and 2022 looked at whether the association of neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDOH) with risk for lapses in diabetic retinopathy care varied by race and ethnicity. Among the findings, White patients from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to have lapses in DR care compared with those from less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Black and Hispanic patients and those with other race or ethnicity from nearly all neighborhoods were more likely to have lapses in care compared with non-White patients from the least socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. The study underscores how structural racism and socioeconomic factors can compound adverse health outcomes and highlights the need for comprehensive public policies that address both individual and neighborhood-level social determinants of health to reduce disparities in vision health. The study was published as a research letter in JAMA Ophthalmology.